浸润可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他原发持续性.. Urachal Cyst 脐尿管病变A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )脐尿管病变见于脐和膀胱二者之间，通常位于脐尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅位于脐下。这些病变可平庸为完全无回波或低回波。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 上图11A，脐尿管病变，此病变已受感染，实质上含有微弱回波的液体。B，脐尿管病变，错愕的病变前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis胎盘血管壁甲状腺Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).纵隔胎盘血管壁甲状腺是胎盘手术后的一直合并症，无特殊平庸，但可于以前手术的瘢痕两处见一局部肿物，并有连续持续性的咳嗽和腹痛。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 上图12 ，剖宫产伤疤两处胎盘血管壁甲状腺

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 纵隔血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可拉开序幕发作持续性咳嗽后、喷嚏或癫痫发作后，其根本原因通常是抗凝治疗或出血持续性疾病。由于血肿受到限制于腹直肌鞘内，通常不很大，其外观根据所两处位置而定，在弓状支线以上，血肿常为淡黄色，AU呈上下方向，可于外侧见到（上图13A）；在弓状支线以下，由于腹白支线缺如，可扩充横过之前支线，因此血肿平庸为分叶状，其最大间隔位于水平支线上。在产妇纵隔血肿可见于脐上纵向扩充（上图13B、C）。术后星体持续性甲状腺内人体内的病人可于纵隔手术瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（上图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 上图13A，一之前年妇女剧烈咳嗽后腹直肌鞘血肿，上标指示腹横软骨。B，产妇纵隔血肿。C，一产妇脐肾脏表层两处上面的纵隔血肿。UV，脐肾脏。D，一星体持续性甲状腺内人体内的剖宫产术后病人疤痕两处纵隔血肿。

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